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First, a question: who really was this hero semi-legendary? nacka One thing is certain: it is a historical figure, not a character in a novel like Don Rodrigo or a paradigmatic figure as Gregor Samsa.Quasi certainly it is one of the leaders of Brittany that animated the successful resistance of the Celts of Cornwall against Anglo-Saxon conquest in the late fifth and early sixth century AD The first British source that talks about Arthur is in fact a hint of "Gododdin," text of the sixth century where it appears as capoguerriero. nacka Later the "Annales de cambrie 'tenth century mention the victory wings Arthur in Mont-Badon in 516 and the Battle of Camlann in which Arthur and Mordret nacka killed each other (537). The matter takes on traits epic in '' HistoriaBrittonum "in Latin chronicle of Nennius of the tenth century, and in the" Roman de Brut "of Wace (XI century) nacka dedicated to the homonymous grandson of Aeneas, the mythical ancestor of the Britons. From these texts Bishop Geoffrey of Monmouth took the '' Historia RegumBritanniae "(1135): the work mixes history and Celtic traditions and Christian, with the intent of giving the Britons a national hero equal to Charlemagne. Historia find Merlin, Vortigern, Uther Pendragorn, Geneva, but nessunaccenno in Parsifal, Lancelot or the Holy Grail, which enters the saga only nell'incompiuto poem "Perceval" (1190) by Chretien de Troyes and "Parzifal Wolfram von Eschenlbach. Previously, the Arthurian heroes had appeared neiLais of Marie de France (1167), poems of love and great, and the two of Tristan Béroul and Thomas (1165-70). In the poems of Chrétien, Wolfram and other contemporaries the chalice is a sacred vessel with mystical powers. Only in the poem of Robert nacka de Roron "The Estoire du Grail" (1202) shows the chalice of Christ's blood guarded by Joseph of Arimathea. nacka A Roron followed the monumental summa Arthurian consists Lancelot, The search for the Grail, nacka Le Morte d'Arthur, the work of many authors, from the middle of the '200, inspired poets, musicians, film makers: the anonymous "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight 1360 the" Death of Arthur "by Sir Thomas Malory of 1485, up to the works of Wagner's Lohengrin (1848), Tristan and Isolde (1865), Parsifal (1882); but also to the film "The Knights of the Round Table" (1954) with Mel Ferrer, Ava Gardner and Robert nacka Taylor, the beautiful Disney feature film "The Sword in the Stone" (1963) and the recent 'Arthur', which attempts to frame the legend Arthurian in the history of the dying Roman Empire. According to legend, built over all these generations of writers like an onion for successive layers, Arthur was the son of Uther Pendragon, king of Britain after the departure of the Roman legions, and Igerna, widow of the Duke of Cornwall nacka Hell. Would be born in the castle of Tintangel around 460 AD and died on the battlefield of Camlann in 537 AD, killed by the son Mordret, he had the half-sister Morgana, daughter of Hell and Igerna. As for the name Arthur, may derive from the terms Celtic Art ("Rock"), or Artos Viros ("Bear Man," in Gaelic Arth Gwyr). But what we can trace today of all this legendary story? It is certain that in 410 AD Emperor Honorius, the inept son of Theodosius the Great, was forced to withdraw his legions from Britain, however, never completely Romanized, to defend Gaul and Italy from the attacks of the Visigoths. After a futile appeal to Rome, the kings and dukes of the Britons decided to elect a king supreme, where all the tribes had to obedience, to stand up to bullies incursions of the Picts and the Scots. Thus Britain was the only one of all the Roman provinces to return to the status prior to the conquest, after the fall of the Empire. To traditional enemies, the dying of the fourth century, were added the invasions of the Jutes and Saxons, from the Scandinavian peninsula. The Britons were already largely Christians, converted by St. Patrick and St. George around 300 AD, while the Saxons were still pagans, and therefore were feared by Britons as a vampire fears holy water. The first of these great king would be killed by the pagan Vortirgern in turn then eliminated by the son of the ousted, Uther Pendragon precisely. These during the reign of Vortrgern would be welcomed to Benoic nell'Armorica (the current small Britain) from the old Christian king CELIDON, father of King Ban, in turn father of the legendary Lancelot, and descending from the legendary chief Nascien, which according to tradition had been converted